Grinding machine



w. ARTER GRINDING MACHINE Flled sept e, 1921 ashe'ets-Sheet 1 March 301926.

Inventor.l

-Sheet 2 Inventar?v y8 She W ARTER GRINDING MACHINE Flled Sept 6 1921March 30 1926.

March 30 1926.

W. ARTER GRINDING MACHINE Filed Spt. 6.

March 30 1926. 1,579,056

W. ARTER `GRINDING MACHINE Filed Sept. 6, 1921 l k8 Sheets-Sheet 4 vInventor b y a@ March `30 `1926.` 1,579,056

W. ARTER GRINDING MACHINE Filed sept. e, 1921 sheets-sheet 5- b .y mayMarch 3o 1926. 1,579,056

y w. ARTER GRINDING MACHINE Filed Sept. 6'; 1921 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 W.ARTER GRINDING MACHINE 8 Sheets-Sheet '7 March 30 1926.

w, ARTER. v GRINDINQ MACHINE 'Filed sept. e. 1921 e sheets-sheet a f r 4fes/2%,

Patented Mar. 30.1926.

To all whom V may/concern.'

' f UNITED v"srprrlezs' PATENT orme-11.2"?.

WILLIAM .aIt'IEIal or WORCESTER, IIIAssncnusrz'rtrs.A

@BINDING MACHINE i f Applieatioa mea september' e, 192.1'. serial'm.498,658.

Be it known that I, WILLIAM ARTER, a subject of the King of GreatBritain, residing at lVorcester,l in the county of Worcester and Stateof Massachusetts, vhave lnvented certain new and useful Improvements 1nGrinding Machines, of whichthe followlng is a specification.

' This invention relates to grinding ma# Culty, and to this end afeature ofthe invention comprises improved actuating mechanism whichwill produce practically instantaneous movement of the necessary parts.A further object of the invention is to provide improved mechanism for'feeding the work to the 'grinding Wheel and discharging it after havingbeen ground, thus rendering the machine entirely' automatic in itsaction. 4

To the accomplishment of these objects and others which will hereinafterappear 'and which will readily be understood by those skilled inthe art,the invention con prises the features and comblnations of partshereinafter 'described and-then par- -ticularly pointed out in theappended claims.

`The invention is best illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inWhich-v Figure 1 is a view in front elevation of a machine forautomatically grinding piston rings 'and like articles; 1

Fig. 2 is a view in end elevation of -a por'- tion of the machine shown"in Fig.' 1;

Fig. 3 is a view, in plan, ofthe chuck and adjacentparts including thepiston ring carrier;

Fig. 4 is a vertical, line 4 4 of Fig. 2;

' Fig. 5 is aslongitudinal, sectional view through the line 5-`5, ofFig. 4;

plate;

- nism are actuated by'oil pressure' Jectional View on the Fig is aview, in end elevation, of the aircylinder showing the cushioning valve1n posltlon;

showing the cushioning valve in secl Fig. 6 is a viewof thel aircylinder, in

partial, longitudinal I section of the air cylinder showing thecushioning l valve and seating lug;

f Flg. is a'section through a pist-on loctitng rlng-i-n place on therotating carrier Pa; Fig. 10 is a section'similar to Fig. 9 show- 1ng areplaceable piston locating ringA in position vto be .assembled with thecarrier Fig.

anism;

Figs. 12 and 13 are views showing amodified form of `ring carrierindexing mechanism permittingnore than' one grind-l Ing operation on eacring, Fig.A 12 being 'a horizontal 'section on Fig. 13;

mechanism, similar to that shown in' Figs.`

1 and 2 except that it is` mechanically operated from'. the recprocatingwhee1 head; Figs. 17. and 18 are a plan section, respectively, of amodified form of locating ring for' use `on the ring carrier;-

Fig. 19 is a view in elevation of portions of a machine in which thegrinding wheel is a detail in plan,1and partly inl sectlon, of the rlngcarrier'indexing ,mechthe line 12.-1'2 of Figs. 14, 15 and16;Aare.elevational views of another modified ring carrier indexing' anddiametric l i head and the ring carrier indexing Inechai In theembodiment of the invention il'. lustrated in the drawings is includeda. well known type of grinding machine employing a magnetic chuck tohold and rotate the Work, and a reciprocatory head carrying a rotarygrinding 'wheel which traverses the work held in the chuck.

Since the machine shown is designed particularly for facing pistonrings, a magazine is provided to hold a quantity of the rings, and theyare separated one at a time from the stack by a rotary ring carrier andtransshown in Fig. i

los

ferred to a position over the chuck and benon-magnetic material, andhaving a. series neath the path of travel of the grinding wheel. Anindexing mechanism for the carrier is employed which, in the formillustrated in Figs. 1 to 1 1, provides for only a single reciprocationof the grinding wheel across each piston ring after which it is carriedawayfrom the wheel and'discharged. In the form illustrated in Figs. 12-and 13 the indexing mechanism for the ring carrier is so designed thateach ring may be caused to remain in the chuck for two reciprocations ofthe grinding wheel, or more than two, as may be required for the work inhand. Both of these mechanisms are illustrated a's being driven by Huidpressure but in the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 14, 15and 16 the indexing of the'ring carrier is effected' through mechanicaldevices actuated, as before, from the reciprocation of the grindingwheel head. The principle of operation is the same in each` form. In theform of the inventionsliown inv Figs. 19 and 20 the principle ofoperation also is the same except that a hydraulic drive is employed,controlled also by the reciprocation of the Wheell head.l Y

Having indicated the vprinciple upon which the illustrated machineoperates, adetailed description of itsvarious features will now begiven, it being understood that the main constructional features, suchAas the grinding wheel head and magnetic chuck with their power actuatingmechanism and related parts of the construction, are fully disclosedinthe prior United States Letters Patent to White No. 1,184,905 datedMay 30,

1916, and Arter No. 1,357,924 dated November 2, 1920.

The improved mechanism shown .in the accompanying drawings com rises arotary magnetic chuck 21 (Fig. 3 acting as a holder for the work, shownas a piston ring R. A bracket 23 surrounds the chuck 21. the function ofwhich i's to protect the chuck shaft bearings andto form a support forthe mainy bracket 24, to which it is fastened by bolts 25 l(Fig. 2) andis made adjustable thereon by means of a sliding key and elongated slots26. To make this adjustment a screw 27 is threaded into the upper end ofthe bracket 24. This screw has an apertured head 28 to provide means forturning it, Which fits into a slot 30 (Fig. 3) in the bracket 23. 'Itwill be seen that when the bolts 25 are loosened and the screw 27 isrotated, the whole bracket 24 and all parts thereon will move up or downaccording to the direction of rotation. The parts now to be describedmay thus be properly positionedA according to the vertical adjustmentofthe chuck.

In a vertical hub 31 on the bracket 24 a spindlev 32 is mountedandwcarrics a horizontal disc 33 at its-upper end, preferably of ofcircular holes 34 equally spaced in aboutits margin. This disc acts as acarrier for the piston rings R which are to be ground. The holes 34 areprovided with annular locating rings or bushings 35, preferably ofhardened steel, which have different interior diameters and arereplaceable for various sizes of piston rings.

Each locating ring or bushing 35 may be made as shown in Figs. 9 and 10with a V- cut in its edge fitting into a coinpleinental shape in theedge of the hole 34 in which it is to be seated. In order to assemblethe rings without splitting them, the lower part of the V-cut in thering is removed at four places, each length so removed approximatingone-eighth of the circumference. Also the whole of the V-cut in the hole34 is similarly removed i'n four places, each length so removedapproximating a little more' than one-eighth of the circumference seeFig. 3). It will'be seen that when the .ring 35 is superimposed on thehole 34, as

in Fig. 10, with the cut-away portions ofthe ring above the uncut-awayportions of the hole, the ring will be permitted to drop into suchposition that its upper face and that of the plater 33 will be liush. Aone-eighth .turn of the ring will bring the uncutportions of the ringand the hole into engagement, preventing the ring. from moving up ordown, Without turning it back again. To hold these rings in position,there is provided a series of slidable lockingplates or dogs 36 (Fig. 3)held in slots in the disc '33 and secured thereto by screws.

The indexing mechanism for the carrier 33 comprises a gear Wheel 38,Fig. 2, mounted on the spindle 32, but free to rotate relativelythereto, and to which is rigidly fastened a cam ,39, (Fig. 11). Engagedwith the gear 38 is a piston rodl 4() (Figs. 1 and. 5) having teeth 37cut .i-n it .for this purpose. The piston rod is guided 1n a housing 401formed by a depending bracket and is connected to a piston 41 in adouble acting fluid cylinder 42 which is rigidly .held to the bracket 24by bolts, as shown 1n Fig. 2. The cam 39 l1) has a boss '65 to which ispivoted a paul 66 engaging a toothed disc or ratchet Wheel 67 rigidlyfastened to the shaft 32. It will be seen that when the piston rod 40moves in one direction, thus rotating the gear 38 and cam 39, the pawl66 is caused to rotaie the disc 67 and the shaft in one direction; butwhen the piston rod 40 moves in the opposite direction no movement ofthe spindle 32 takes place because the pawl 66 rides over the teeth onthe disc 67 Without moving it. The spindle 32 and vall parts rigidlyattached thereto has, therefore, a periodic movement in one directiononly.

In order to liold the carrier stationary Y after it'uhas beenindexed,".the spindle 32 bolted rigidly to the platel 24 and is backedlfmi has 4rigidly secured to itl a circular plate 77 (Fig. 11) withnotches78 cut in its peri hery corresponding'in number and anguarspacing tothe-ho s -34 in' Ythe carrier plate 33. 'A plunger bar 79 hasits 4 end shaped" to. fit into these notches 78 and when so po sitionedholds the` carrier plate 33 against- .movement The plunger bar,preferably of rectangular. section,- Slides in a bracketv80 up by aspring '82 which alvvaysten'dsto hold the plunger 79 in engagement with'the disc 77. A roller 83 is attached to the' plunger'7 9 and is locatedin the pathv of the cam 39, so that when the high part 84 of 'the camengages the roller theplunger'is- :pushed out of its engagement with anotch in the disc 77 and the carrier plate 33 may then be moved by thepawl and ratchet 'the Vposition shown in Figs. 4 and 5 air is -beingadmitted to the left port hole 48,

` thence by a duct inthe cylinder head l54 to the rear of the piston 41,thereby push -ing the piston rod out while the piston rodend of thecylinder is open to the atmosphere'` throu h theportl 46.' Shifting the`valve lto the eft obviously results in reversin the movement of thepiston.

' nder working conditions, when one side of the cylinder is quicklylopened to exhaust andv compressed air admitted to the other end, theresistance to motion'is so small and the momentum in the moving mass isso great that it -is very diiiicult to control an accurate positioningof the piston ring carrying disc 33; also under such a condition it isimpossible to prevent' pisl ton rings being broken in thev magazine,

presently to be referred to, due to the hard sharp blows they7 receivewhen dropped into position within the locating rings 35. To remedy thisit is proposed to control both the inlet and the outlet .ofthe pistonrod end of the cylinder, as shown in Figs. 6,- 7 and 8. For this pur osea lug 49 is introduced intothe .dril ed hoe leading to the port 51.Through this plug asmall hole 52 of a definite size is drilled,sufficient to allow enough air to pass through, and thence through theduct 243, to move the piston rod back on its idle stroke Without unduejar. In this stroke there is practically no work being done by thepiston except moving the gear 38 and the cam 39 andcon'sequent-lythereis very little moving' mass to acquire momentum and-cause' jar. On.the. outward or working stroke f of the' piston rod, however, when themo-' mentum of the moving `parts is great, it is found absolutelynecessary to control the speed .of the as possible trol what may becalled a cushioning' valve 53,`

plu 49. 4This valve 53 hasaismall hole 55 dr1 ed and chamfer'ed inf-'thecenter, the diameter of which is .determined -by the desired travellingspeed of thewpiston ring" carrier 33. It will be seen that any exhaustfrom thev piston rod end of the cylinder must come through the drilledhole 55, -forcin the cushioning valve 53 against p iston, making it :asuniform' v his is accomplished by con ing-the rate ofexhaust by meansof;l .1

vI6 introduced loosely between 'a shoulder formed by the cylinder head'54 and the.

the p ug 49,. partially closing the hole therein and leaving only thevvsmallfexitin the-Valve 53 .for exhausting. `This obviously can bereduced to meet any` condi'- tions produced by varyingv air pressures,

and its effectiveness is such that 1t is posi sible to control thevspeed of the movin mass to practically any limit.- Peri hera grooves,as shown, provide suitable mtake ports through. thisA valve. Theposition of the valve 53, as shoWninFigs. Gand 7, is the most convenientvfor inspection but its vlocationin any place in the exhaust' circuitwo'uld givethe vdesired. results.

The valve slide 44 is 'operated by means' ofthe dogs 56 and 57 (Fig. 1)which operate the 'reversing mechanism of the grinding machine. and.they are adjustably' mounted'on the Wheel head'58 as fully explained.in the White Patent No. 1,184,905

'.[fhes dogsalternately engage a vlever v59,- rlgidly fastened to a rockshaft 60, at o posite ends of the stroke of the wheel hea The-.slightmovement of the lever-59 makes it practically instantaneous, and thismove- .ment is transmitted through a lever 62'toa,

valve `rod orlink 61, both jmounted at the `rear ofthe machine, thusoperating the valve slide 44 to which the link is attached by a pin 64(Fig.- 4). vThis operation admits air to the piston 41,'which operatesthe piston rod 40 and the gear 38 at eitherend of the f stroke'of theWheel head 58. The advantage of using the automatic reversing dogs 56,57 may be seen'by the fact that it is practically impossible .to havethe valve slide 44 in the wrong position `when thus governed.

izo

Mounted on the bracket 24is. a magazineQ plate 68 (Figs. -2 and 3), inwhich a hole 72 is cut `large "enough to' accomodate the machine;Anumber of vertical bars or rods 69, preferably four, 'of anydesired-length are 'ustably' mountedl vertically in relativelyadjustable brackets 70 dovetailed into.

largest 'pistonringwvith-in the fscope of the 'slots 7l diagonall cutacross the hole'72 in the plate 68, T ese rods form the Imagazine forholding the'stack of piston rings.

.It will beseen that bg means of the elon-l rackets 70, the barsv 69 maybe adjusted toward and from thel Agated slots 73 in the ycenter of thehole 72 to enable the magazine to hold different sizes 'offiston rings.lThe brackets 70 are held in a justed position by screws, as shown inlFigs. 2 and 3. The vertical adjustment of the bars 69 is secured throughset screws 63 (Fig. 2). For they best operating conditions, the bars 69'arel foradjusting the relative distances between the vbracket2.4,"thereceiving plate 74, and the magazine plate 68.

In Fig. 3 of the drawings, six equi-distant pistonxring receivingholes34 are shown in the carrier plate 33 but any practical number may be empoyed. These holes are so spaced that when the late ,33, is at rest, onehole 34 is located directly in the center'of the. hole 72, while anotherhole is directly over Athe center of the chuck 21; and these two holesare. located in ad'oining positions so as to have the least possilo thework.

The operation of the parts thus far de# scribed is as follows:

The piston rings R to be ground are kstacked between thefourmagaz'inebars 69,

-the bottom ring restingon `the receiving ,plate 74 and inside thelocating ring 35 in the plate 33, the size of which has been preselectedto'fit the sizeof the piston ring -which is tofbe faced. When thegrindinwheel G reaching its extreme backwar position away from the ring, thecurrent lenergizing the rotary magnetic chuckv or work holder isautomatically switched oli", as fully explained in the `Arter Patent No.'1,357 ,924, releasing the ring on the'chuck. Immediately this releaseis made the dog'56 moves the valve slide 44, by'means of the.

levers 59 and 62 and the rod 61, thereby admitting air into the rearend-of the cylinder Vao 42, `causing the piston rod 40 to move out,

ward, or to the right in Figs. y3'and 5, thus rotating the gear l38 andthe spindle 32 through the engagement of the pawl 66 with the ratchetwheel 67. This rotates the carrier plate 33, and the piston ring restingon the receiving plate 74 is simultaneously car ried to the center of.he magnetic. chuck. Likewise thejpistonvring resting on the le distanceto carry but gear 90 drives a pinion 91, rigidly attached chuck isremoved therefrom at the same time. The finished rings as they arecarried away from the chuck drop from the carrier on 4an unloading plate(Fig. 2), which may be provided with a gravity chute'86 to transferthem. to a convenient receptacle or stacking device, such as that shownat S in Figs. 2 and 3.

When thel r-inding wheel G starts on its forward stro e, the rotarymagnetic chuck is automatically energized before the wheel touches `the.piston ring, this energizing effect being continued until the wheel hasreturned tothe same position on the backward stroke. As thegrindingvwheel reaches its furthestposition towards the center ,of thepistony ring, the dog V57 moves the lever 59 in an op- Aposite directionso that the valve slide 44y makes an air connection to the opposite endof the cylinder 42 and the piston rod 40 is drawn in. When the pistonrod 40 is drawn in, the gear 38 andthe cam .39 being free on the shaft32, are rotated backward, carrying the p-awl 66 with them, withoutrot-ating the disc 67. There may be a certain amount of frictionbetweenthe pawl and disc while it is riding back, tending to move the discslightly, but this may be taken care of by an automatic brake ofv anyconvenient form applied to the carrier 33. Such a brake is shown at 223,Fig. s.

` It InayI be noted that a hole is drilled and tapped in the cam 39, invwhich may be screwed a handle 88, Fig. 11. This provides means tooperate the piston ring carrier 33 by hand, -in case there should be abreak downin thel air plant.

Means also is provided to clean the chuck ofgrit, preferably consistinglof an air clean` ler nozzle 89 (Fig. 3), through which air underpressure is forced carrying the flying gritl toa receiving cone of usualform in which a suction is maintained.

Y Thus far the description relates to a mode of operation in which thework is removed after one forward and one backward movement of thegrinding wheel head 58. It

`may, however, be necessary to make two or more cuts by the wheel Gbefore removing the work. This may be accomplished by the modifiedconstruction shown i'n Figs. 12 and 13. In this construction the gearwheel 90- is ri 'dlyatt-ached to the ratchet wheel 67, y

oth are free on the spindle 32. The

to an intermittent pinion gear e92, both being free to rotate lon a pin93 screwed linto an adjustable bracket 94. The pinion 92 drives anintermittent gear wheel 95 (Fig. 12)which iskeyed, together' with thelocking plate 77, to the shaft 32'. It will be seen that the ratchetwheel 67v can he moved forward by thepawl 66 withoutmoving the gear 95,except when the teeth of the pini'n'92 are in engagement with the teethof the-gear 95.

I 50., pin 111 to engage the pawls 101 and 102. At

amps@ The number ofreciprocations made by the piston rod foreachadvancing movement of the carrier 33 thus are predetermined by.

the ratio of the gearing. The intermittent ratio between the gears 92and 95 maybe made as desired, and by employing a series of gears 95 anda series of cooperatingpinions 92, suchthat sliding keys would engageany pair, operativefto drive the shaft 32,*it

would be possible'to select, at will, vany'desired number` ofcuts to begiven the work before removing it. The same general results can also .besecuredv by removing one pair of gears 92 and 93, replacing-them byanother vpair having the desired ratio.

The air driven mechanism for operating the carrier plate 33 shas beenparticularly del scribed on account of its iexibility, quick-.

neLs/s and ease of movement. Similar results co d be obtained by usingany other Huid or by an electric motor` or solenoid magnet 'with switchcontrolled by the wheel head. Where, however, there is no ir4 ressure`available, and itis necessary to e ect thismovement mechanically, themechanism shown in Figs. 14, 15 vand16 may be used.

Instead of the air cylinder 4piston 40, a simllartoothedrod 400 isarrangedto operate Vparallel to the front-of theY` machine. This rod ispivotally coup-led toa link 96 which is connected to a lever 97 pivotedon a stud 98k on the iframel andhaving at its upper endy twosquare-shanked studs'99 and 100 engaging alternately with pawls 101 and102'pivot4 ed on brackets 103` and 104 fastened to they machine' frame.Directly in front of the placed infront of the levers 106 and 107.

Projectingfrom the lever 109 at its upper end is a alternate y by thedogs 56 and 57 like the dogs 56 and-57, respectively, 'and mountedJ Vinthe same manner on the wheel head .58.

Just below .the pin in the, lever 109 isa the lower end of the lever 109is apin 112 so located 'as to engage the `levefrs.106 and 107. In thelever 97 is another pin 113 placed to engage the levers 106 and 107.

l. ground, the'dog 57 -as pushed overthe lever 108 byfits engagementwith the 'pin- 110 s erefore in a position from to a positionparallel-to that of the'leverv 109.' The action of the dog 57 on thelever 'revolution by toothed disc 67. Iny this mechanism advan` tage istaken of the full movement of the.

in 110 placed so as tobe engagedv I through the i AIn Fig. 15 thegrinding wheel head 5.8l has v just reachedits extreme position towardlthe center .nf the piston' ring which vis being -109 moves the lever106l outward by means of v thejpin 112, increasing the tension in thespring108, and transmittlng this tension to the lever 107. This pressureis transmitted to -the lever 97 through the pin 113, but 'until is thusrotated but without moving t e carrier disc .33. The action on thereverse strokeof the wheel head 58 is exactly like..`

that just described except that in thislatter case the carrier 33 is,moved one-sixth vof a the pawl 66 acting on the do 56 'and 57I thusgradually tensioning gs v the spring 108 and storing up the energy for,vthe Amovement of thegear 38 at the end vof eachstrOke of the wheel head58. The'disc 77 is' released and locked bythe cam 39 and plunger 79 asheretofore described.

In Figs. 17 and 18 a modified, andpreferred, form of locating ring forthe carrier 33 is illustrated. These rings 120`are of annularform andmay present varying internal diameters for receiving piston ring'sofdii'erent sizes. The external diameter is'the same as that of ltheholes34 inthe ,ring carrier and v lseries of peripheral notches 122 with onet clocking dog 36 (Fig. v3) at each 5 of which y hole 34 cooperates tohold the ring against rotation. A plurality 'of notches 122 are1Cprolvided to insure a seating of the ring with the upper'surface ofthe ring. carrier 34. The locating ring is simpler in conilo,

struction than the ring 35fhereinbefore de scribed and is equallyeffective.

-In Figs.'19 and 20a `control of both-the ush 'wheel head'r'eciprocationandthe indexing movement of thepiston ring carrier by oil or Votherhydraulic pressure is illustrated. An.

oil tank A125 is provided to which is connected a rotary pump, 126driven by a belt running .on a pullev127. Oi-l is forced by the'pump pie section 128, tothe lower port of a-directing rvalve'-131. The' plug132 of thisvalve is rotated within the valve cas.- ing by-gmozements ofthe lever 59 operated throughimpacts from the dogs 56 and 57 on thewheel head. Two diametrically oplposite vhorizontal ports 'of the valve.131- ave. connecting pipes 133- and 134 leadingto each end; of acylinder within which is a double actin'lpiston' operating a piston rodi to a lug 137 depending from lthe wheel head. An upper vertical port ofand 2O the Wheel head is about to end its of the cylinder to a pipe 147which joins the forward movement, the handle 59 being at n such an anglethat the port 139 ofthe valve is connected, through the plug port :140,with the pipe 134. Passage of. the oil through the pipe 134 forces thepiston to the left (Fig. 19) and the contained oil in the cylinderdischargesthrough the pipe 133, plug port 141 and circular port 142 tothe pipe 138 andV thence to the tank. When the dog 57 meets the lever 59at about the end of the forward movement of the Wheel head-the plug 132is rotated to bring its ports 140 and 141 into the dotted linepositionshown in Fig. 20 and the direction of movement of' the piston isimmediately reversed, as will be understood from the foregoingdescription. The reciprocation of the Wheel head is thus automaticallycontinued Whenever the inlet pipe 128 is open. This is controlled by avalve 143 conveniently placed near the pump, Which also regulates therate oi' lflow and consequently the speed of rotation.

In'this form of the invention it is proposed also to control the ringcarrier indexing mechanism by oil pressure. To this end a branch i144from the inlet pipe 128 is provided, which leads to the inlet port 47 ofthe cylinder 42 shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The same mechanism for operatingthe valve slide 44 from the lever 59, as is shown in Fig. 1, can beemployed and pipes 145 and 146` lead from the outlet ports at each sidereturn pipe 138. In this construction the face on which the valve 44slides yis widened, as shown in Fig. 21,- to take two outside ports Withwhich the pipes 145 and 146, respectively, communicate. With theseconnections the piston rod 4() for operating the ring carrier indeiringmechanism is actuated from the traveling head, as beforeb'ut byoilinstead of air.

It is also contemplated that both the magnetic chuck which holds thepiston rings, and also the grinding Wheel, may be driven by turbinesoperated by iiuid pressure, and this arrangement is particularlyadvantageous when the Wheel head and the indexing mechanism are operatedby hydraulic mech# anism. It Will be understood further, that some ofthe features of the invention are useful in grinding machines of thetype Where the Work is reciprocated, instead of rotated, with relationto a rotating grinding Wheel. i

Nothing herein contained is to be inter,- preted as limiting theinvention in the scope of its application to usejn connection with theparticular .machina or the. particular modes of ,ope1ation, or both,selected for the purpose "of illustration and explanation.'

l/Vhile the particulars of construction hereinn set forth are Wellsuited lto the lvarious forms of the invention disclosed, the inventionis not limited to these details of construction nor to the conjoint useof all its features, nor is it to be understood that these par- 'l0ticulars are essential since they may be variously modified Within theskill of the artisan Without departing 'from the true scope of theactual invention, characterizing features of which areset forth in thefollowing 'l0 claims by the intentionall use of generic terms andexpressionsinclusive of various modifications.

What is claimed as new is:

1. A grinding machine of the character described having, in combination,a work holder, a grinding tool, said holder and tool being relativelyrotatable, mechanism for` the combined delivery of the articlesto beground to and their removal from said holds' er, and ,fluid pressuremeans `for actuating said mechanism.

2. A .grinding machine of the character describe-d having, incombination, a Work holder, a grinding tool, means to move vthe toolover the articles to,A be ground,va work carrier for delivering articlesto and remqving them from the Work holder, and means controlled bythertool movement for operating said work carrier.

A grinding machine of the'character described having, in combination, aWork holder, a reciprocatory grinding tool head, a rotary Work carrierfor holding a plurality of articles to be ground and successivelydelivering them to and removing them from thevwork holder, and meanscontrolled by the later portion of the stroke of'said head forintermittently rotating said Work carrier. f f

.4.,A` grinding machine of the character described having, incombination, a ygrinding Wheel, a Wheel head mounted for reciprocatingmovement to traverse said Wheel over the work, a Work holder, a Workcarrier` 119 forv delivering articlesto be ground to said holder andremoving them froml said holder,

a fluid pressure mechanism for Aoperating said carrierf and connectionsbetween said mechanism and said Wheel head for con- 115 trolling theoperation oi'said carrier in aczordance with the movements of said Wheeliead. i f

5. A grinding machine of the character described having, in combination,a Work holder, a rotary Work carrie-r adapted to receive a plurality ofarticles to be ground and move each article in a path over said "holder,

-fluid` pressure mechanism for lindexing said carrier step by step todeliver articles to l said holder, and means for supplying Asaid carrierwith articles during periods of rest thereof. v

f 6. A grinding machine of the character described having, incombination, a Work l `one part from the other.

holder, a grindingl tool, an intermittently movable Work carrierfortransferring articles to be ground to the holder, means for ment of theother part for controlling the delivery, of fluid to said-piston.

8. A grinding machine having, in combination, a movable tool head, amovablejwork carrier for presenting articles to the tool, fluid pressuremechanism for operating one of said parts, mechanical'means foroperating said other part, and interconnected mechanism for controllingthe movement of 9. Afgrinding machine'having, in combi;

nation, amovable tool head, a movable Work carrier for'presentingarticles to the` tool,

fluid pressure mechanism for operating said lWork carrier, mechanicalmeans for' operating said tool head, and means on the tool head fortiming the effective operation `of said fluid pressure mechanism.

10. A grinding machine havmg, in com.-

vbination, 'a grindin wheel, a reciprocating Wheel head supporting saidWheel, a holder for supporting Wol-k for the operation thereon of saidWheel, an intermittently rotatable carrier for presenting articles ofwork successively to said holder, fluid pressure operating means forrotating said work carrier,

'and controlling mechanism for said fluid 'pressure meansarranged to beactuated by said wheel head.

11, lA grinding'machine having, in co-mbination, a work holder, areciprocatory tool head carrying "a grinding too a Work carrier fortransferring articles to be ground -to said holder, means foryintermittently carrier for .transferring to said holder, means tool headto cause the -tool to traverse an' moving said carrier,and means forrecipro'4 eating said tool head a plurality 'of times during 4each Yriodoli-rest of the' carrier. 12. A grin ing'machinehaving, in combination,a work holder, a reciprocato'ry tool head carrying a grinding tool, awork articles to be ground or reciprocating said article delivered tothe holder, and, means -controlled bysaid tool head movementiorintermittently moving the carrier,*including -`mechanism permitting' aplurality of traverses 'of the head between each effective movementofthe carrier. i 13. A grinding machine, having, in oom- 'binatiom a Workholder, a' reciprocatoryltool head lcarrying a grinding tool, .ya Workcarrier. for transferring articles to be ground to said holder, meansfor reciprocating said head' to cause the-tool to traverse an articledelivered to the holder, means controlled by said tool head movement forintermittently moving the carrier, and means for rendering .certaintraverses of' said head inellective tomove thecarrier. y

14. A grinding machine having, in combination, a Work holder, areciprocatoly tool head carrying a ding" tool, a Work carrier fortransferring articles to bey ground to said holder, means forreciprocating said head to cause the tool to traverse an articledelivered to the( holder, meansfcontrolled by said tool head movementfor intermittently moving the carrier, and means for utilizingpreselected reciprocations of said head in regular vseriesforel'ectingmovements of the work carrier.

15. A grinding machine having,in combination, a work holder, a workcarrier, and means to impartian intermittent movement to'the carrier tosuccessively transfer articles to be ground to the holder comprisingfluid pressure mechanismincluding a double acting piston having itspiston rod operatively. i

connected to said carrier, a cylinder for said piston having an vinletvand outletv port, and

means in the fluid circuit for retardingthe flow Vof fluid through saidport in one direction only.

16. A grinding machine having, in combination, a work holder, a workcarrier, lluid pressure means for moving lthe carrier to transferarticles to be ground to the holder, said means including a cylinderanda piston Working therein an means in the fluid circuit or-.controllingthe rate of exhaust lof the fluid from said cylinder.

17. A grinding machine having, incombiation, a work holder, Va workcarrier, a

fluid pressure means for moving the. carrier to transfer articles to vbeground to the` holder, and means in the fluid circuit forcontrolling-theA rate of exhaust of the fluid,

.comprising a cushioning valve' providing a.

port, but movable by the'l t suitable intake exhaust to g're'a yI reduce.the size of the opening forming said' rt.

18. A grinding mac ine having, in combination, a work holder, a-Workcarrier, a' fluid ,pressure means for movmg-the carrier.

to transfer articles vto be ground vto the holder, and means inthe fluidcircuit for controlling the rate of exhaust of the fluid, comprising avalve seated 'for sliding movement -in the lluid conduit, constructed toprovide an adequate intake port when in one ition and a restrictedexhaust port when 1n another position.

19.- A grinding machine .havingfin combination, awork holder, a workcarrier,

a fluid pressure means for moving the car-v rier to transfer articles tobe ground to the. 13

holder, said means including a cylinder and loo iis

a piston therein and means in the fluid circuit for controlling the rateof exhaust of the fluid from said cylinder, comprising a valve movableto one position by the intake pressure permitting free inlet of thefluid and to another position by the exhaust pressure providing arestricted exhaust of the fluid.

20. A grinding machine having, in combination, a grinding wheel, anintermittently movable piston ring carrier having a circular ringholding pocket of a diameter to receive the largest ring to be ground,and provided With circumferential means for receiving and removablyholding an annular locating ring having an interior diameter to fit thepiston'ring to be ground, said locating ring also having circumferentialmeans to cooperate in locking engagement With said carrier means, andmeans for successively supplying said pocket with piston rings anddriving the carrier to successively transfer said rings to the grindingWheel.

21. In a grinding machine of the type in which piston rings or the likeare successively presented to the grinding Wheel by means of anintermittently rotatable carrier having a plurality of circular pocketsfor receiving the rings, means for locating piston rings of diderentdiameters in said pockets comprising replaceable annular locating ringshaving the same exterior diameter as the pockets but varying interiordiameters, and means cooperating both with said rings and the carrierfor locking any one of a series of said locating rings in one of saidpockets Hush with the surface of the carrier) 22. In a grinding machineof the type in which piston rings or the like are successively presentedto the grinding Wheel by means of an intermittently rotatable carrierhavin a plurality of circular pockets for receiving therings, means forlocating piston rings of different diameters in said pockets comprisingreplaceable annular lo- Y cating rings having the same exterior diameteras the ockets but varying interiorv diameters, ,and means on saidlocating rings and pockets for locking said rings to the carrier by arotative movement of the ring lrelative to its receiving pocket.

23. In a grinding machine of the type in which piston rings or the likeare successively presented to the grinding Wheel, an inltermittentlyrotatablecarrier having a pluockets for receiving the ocatino pistonrings of pockets comprisrality of circular rings, means for differentdiameters in said ing replaceable annular locating rings having the sameexterior diameter as the pockets but varying interior diameters, saidring holding pockets each being provided with circumferential means forreceiving and holding one of said locating rings flush Withl the surfaceof the carrier, each of said lo- `cat-ing rings also havingcircumferential means to cooperate in locking engagement with saidcarrier means, and `means at each pocket for holding the locating ringtherein against rotation.

24. In a grinding machine of the type in which piston rings or the likeare successively presented to the grinding Wheel, an intermittentlyrotatable carrier having a plurality of circular pockets for receivingthe rings, means for locating piston rings of i different diameters insaid pockets comprising replaceable annular locating rings having thesame exterior diameter as the pockets but varying interior diameters,said ring holding pockets each being provided With circumferential meansfor receiving and holding one of said locating rings flush with thesurface of the carrier, each of 'said locating rings also havingcircumferential means to cooperate in locking engagement with saidcarrier means and having a notch in its outer edge, and a movable dogonthe carrier adjacent to each pocket for engaging in said notch toprevent rotation of the ring While in its pocket.

movable piston ring carrier having a circu-l lar interiorly threadedring holding pocket, an annular exteriorly threaded locating ringadapted to be screwed into l said pocket whereby the locating ring isreadily replaceable by one of another. interior diameter, means forsuccessively supplying said' pocket with piston rings, and means drivingthe carrier to ysuccessively transfersaid rings to the grinding Wheel.

'27..A grinding machine having, in com- Ibination, a Work holder, arotary spindle supporting a Work carrier, means for supplying said.carrier with articles to be ground, a reciprocatory tool. head carryinga grinding too operative to reciprocate the tool head and to index thespindle step by step to sucessively deliver the articles to the Workholder in imed relation to the movements of said too 28. A grindingmachine having, in combination, a Work holder, a rotary spindlefsupporting a Work carrier, means `for supplying said carrier witharticles to be ground, a reciprocatory tool head carrying a grindingtool, two fluid pressure cylinders with double acting pistons havingtheir piston and a fluid pressure system the spindle,

rbination, a work rods operatively connected respectively to the toolhead and the spindle to operate them, means for supplying Huid underpressure to one cylinder :for moving"one of said parts and mechanismoperated: by the movement of said part for controlling the supply ot uidto the other cylinder. y

29. A grinding machine having, in combination, a vWork holder, a rotaryspindle supporting a Work carrier, means for supplying said carrier witharticles to be ground, a reciprocatory tool head .carrying a grindingtool, two fluid pressure cylinders With double acting pistons havingtheir piston rods operatively connected respectively to the tool headand the spindle to operate them, means for supplying fluid underpressure to the cylin er having its piston connected to the tool head,mechanism oper- -ated by the movement imparted to the tool head forcontrolling the supply of Huid to the cylinder having its pistonconnected to and means for causing each alternate stroke of said lastnamed piston to be idle with respect to said spindle.

rotation.

30. A grindin machine having, in combination, a wor holder, a movableWork carrier tor presenting articles to the work holder, a reciprocatorygrinding tool, and iiuid pressure mechanism for reciprocating the tooland moving the Work carrier.

31. A grindingl machine having, in comv holder, a movablework carrierfor presenting articles to the Work holder, a reciprocator7 grindingtool, fluid pressure mechanism or reciprocating the tool and operatingthe Work carrier, the time of operatmn of the latter being controlled bythe movement of the tool.

32. A grinding machine having, in combination, a rotatable work carrier,a reciprocating grinding tool, a iuid pressure work carrier indexingmechanism, and an actuator for said mechanism controlled by thereciprooations of said tool.

33. A grinding machine having, in combination, a work holder, anintermittently movable work carrier and connected operating mechanismtherefor, and means for adjusting thevertical position of the carrierand attached parts relative to the holder.

Y34:. A grinding machine having, in combination, a Work holder, anintermittently' movable work carrierfor transferring articles to theholder, Huid pressure oper ating mechanism tor operating the' carrier,and means for adjustably sustaining said carrier and mechanism relativeto the holder. l

35. A grinding machine having, in combination, a Work holder, arotatable vyork carrier, a Work carrier spindle with au attached ratchetand cooperating pavvl, fluid pressure mechanism for operating said pawl,a single bracket for sustaining said carrier and its operatingmechanism, and means for adjusting said bracket vertically relative tothe Work holder.

36. In a grinding machine of the type in which thearticles to be ground`are supplied to a carrier which transfers `them to the grinding Wheel,a magazine adjacent said carrier for` containing a stack of saidarticles comprising a plurality'of side bars, holders for said bars, andmeans permitting a relative adjustment of the holders to vary 'he areaof the space circumscribed by said ars.

37. In a grinding machine of the typev i in which the articles to beground are supplied to a lcarrier which transfers them/to the grindingWheel, a magazine adjacent said carrier for containing a stack of saidarticles comprising a plurality of brackets vpresenting vertical bores,and a bar adjust ably held in each of said bores whereby the movement ofprojection of said bars below the brackets may be varied.

38. 'In a grinding machine et the type in which the articles to beground .are supplied to a pocketed intermittently driven carrier whichtransfers them to a grinding Wheel, a magazine located above the path ottravel of said pockets comprising a plurality of spaced side barsconstructed and 'mounted for adjustment toward and from said carrier.

39.' In a machine for grinding piston rings and the like, thecombination of a grinding wheel, a magnetic chuck for holding articlesof work in position for the operation thereon of said Wheel, a carriermade of nonmagnetic metal and havingba recess therein to receive an`article to e ground, said carrier being movable to present said articleto said chuck, and a bushing for said re' cess made of a metal`substantially harder. .than that of which the carrier is made, saidbushing being removably supported in saidv recess.

WILLIAM ARTER.

